Power and authority

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Power and authority are recurring themes throughout the Bible, resonating with both historical narratives and timeless teachings. From the majestic reign of kings to the humble servanthood of prophets, the Scriptures vividly portray the dynamic interplay between these concepts and the lives of individuals and communities. Through a tapestry of stories, parables, and teachings, the Bible provides ample evidence of the profound impact and legitimacy that power and authority wield in shaping human affairs.

Etymology

Power

In Hebrew, the word root for “power” is often associated with the root כח ( koach ), which conveys strength, force, or ability. For example, the Hebrew word for “power” or “strength” is כוח ( koach ).

In Greek, the word root for “power” is frequently derived from δύναμις ( dynamis ), which refers to inherent power, capability, or force. This root gives rise to words like δυνατός ( dynatos ), meaning “able” or “mighty,” and εξουσία ( exousia ), which translates to “authority” or “power.”

Authority

The word “authority” in Hebrew is often derived from the root ותֹא ( pronounced “ot”), which can convey the idea of a sign, mark, or indication. In Greek, “authority” is commonly translated from the word ἐξουσία (exousia), which denotes the power to rule or govern, as well as the right to exercise control or influence.

Faith in Authority

The Centurion’s Testimony

Here, we encounter a powerful demonstration of authority a Roman centurion approaches Jesus, requesting healing for his paralyzed servant. Recognizing Jesus’ authority, the centurion acknowledges that just as he has soldiers under his command, Jesus has authority over sickness and health. His faith in Jesus’ power is so strong that he believes a word from Jesus is sufficient to heal his servant, without the need for physical presence. This narrative underscores the remarkable authority Jesus possesses, not only over physical ailments but also over the spiritual realm. It serves as a compelling testament to the undeniable authority wielded by Jesus and emphasizes the profound impact of faith in recognizing and submitting to this authority.

The centurion replied, “Lord, I do not deserve to have you come under my roof. But just say the word, and my servant will be healed. 9 For I myself am a man under authority, with soldiers under me. I tell this one, ‘Go,’ and he goes; and that one, ‘Come,’ and he comes. I say to my servant, ‘Do this,’ and he does it.” ( Matthew 8:9 )

Navigating Authority

Jesus’ Wisdom on Earthly Governance and Divine Sovereignty

Here is the highlight of witnessing a poignant exchange between Jesus and those who sought to entrap him. In this passage, the religious leaders send spies to pose a question, hoping to catch Jesus in his words and accuse him before the authorities. They ask whether it is lawful to pay taxes to Caesar, knowing that any answer Jesus gives could potentially incite rebellion or condemnation. Jesus astutely perceives their ulterior motives and responds with a question of his own, asking to see a denarius—a coin used to pay the tax. He then delivers the famous line, “Render unto Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and unto God the things that are God’s.”

In this exchange, Jesus elucidates a profound principle about authority and governance. While acknowledging the authority of earthly rulers, he also emphasizes the higher authority of God. This teaching underscores the importance of obedience to civil authorities within the bounds of God’s overarching sovereignty. Moreover, it illustrates the delicate balance between earthly governance and divine authority. Jesus’ response highlights the need for respectful adherence to earthly laws and authorities while simultaneously recognizing the ultimate sovereignty of God over all things. This passage serves as a timeless reminder of the dual responsibilities inherent in citizenship—loyalty to earthly authorities and obedience to the higher principles of God’s kingdom. It underscores the importance of discernment in navigating the complexities of governance while remaining steadfast in allegiance to God’s ultimate rule.

Keeping a close watch on him, they sent spies, who pretended to be sincere. They hoped to catch Jesus in something he said, so that they might hand him over to the power and authority of the governor. 21 So the spies questioned him: “Teacher, we know that you speak and teach what is right, and that you do not show partiality but teach the way of God in accordance with the truth. 22 Is it right for us to pay taxes to Caesar or not?” 23 He saw through their duplicity and said to them, ( Luke 20: 20-23 )

Unyielding Conviction

The Power of Determination

Here we find a profound illustration of the power of determination in the mind. This passage occurs after Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount, where crowds marveled at his teaching. Unlike the scribes, Jesus spoke with authority, leaving his listeners astonished. What sets Jesus apart in this context is not just the eloquence of his words but the conviction and authority with which he speaks. His teachings aren’t merely intellectual exercises but deeply rooted in the truth he embodies. This authority emanates from his unwavering determination to fulfill his divine mission.

The power of determination in the mind, as exemplified by Jesus, is transformative. It goes beyond mere rhetoric; it instills confidence, inspires action, and brings about profound change. Jesus’ determination to fulfill his purpose propelled him to endure trials, confront opposition, and ultimately, accomplish his mission of salvation. This passage serves as a timeless reminder of the impact of resolute determination. It challenges us to reflect on the clarity of our own convictions and the strength of our commitment to truth and righteousness. Like Jesus, may we embody unwavering determination in our lives, inspiring others through the power of our convictions.

12 So in everything, do to others what you would have them do to you, for this sums up the Law and the Prophets.

The Narrow and Wide Gates

13 “Enter through the narrow gate. For wide is the gate and broad is the road that leads to destruction, and many enter through it. 14 But small is the gate and narrow the road that leads to life, and only a few find it.

True and False Prophets

15 “Watch out for false prophets. They come to you in sheep’s clothing, but inwardly they are ferocious wolves. 16 By their fruit you will recognize them. Do people pick grapes from thornbushes, or figs from thistles? 17 Likewise, every good tree bears good fruit, but a bad tree bears bad fruit. 18 A good tree cannot bear bad fruit, and a bad tree cannot bear good fruit. 19 Every tree that does not bear good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire. 20 Thus, by their fruit you will recognize them.

True and False Disciples

21 “Not everyone who says to me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ will enter the kingdom of heaven, but only the one who does the will of my Father who is in heaven. 22 Many will say to me on that day, ‘Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in your name and in your name drive out demons and in your name perform many miracles?’ 23 Then I will tell them plainly, ‘I never knew you. Away from me, you evildoers!’

The Wise and Foolish Builders

24 “Therefore everyone who hears these words of mine and puts them into practice is like a wise man who built his house on the rock. 25 The rain came down, the streams rose, and the winds blew and beat against that house; yet it did not fall, because it had its foundation on the rock. 26 But everyone who hears these words of mine and does not put them into practice is like a foolish man who built his house on sand. 27 The rain came down, the streams rose, and the winds blew and beat against that house, and it fell with a great crash.” 28 When Jesus had finished saying these things, the crowds were amazed at his teaching, 29 because he taught as one who had authority, and not as their teachers of the law. ( Matthew 7:29 )

Power and Permission

We encounter compelling narratives that shed light on the concept of permission within the context of power dynamics. Jesus enters the temple and begins to teach, prompting the chief priests and elders to question his authority. They demand to know by what authority he performs his actions and teaches. This interaction reveals the underlying power struggle between Jesus and the religious leaders, who wield authority within the temple. Jesus responds with a question about John the Baptist’s authority, causing the leaders to hesitate, and recognise the potential backlash from the crowds. Through this exchange, Jesus asserts his authority while challenging the established power structures of the religious elite.

The Authority of Jesus Questioned

23 Jesus entered the temple courts, and, while he was teaching, the chief priests and the elders of the people came to him. “By what authority are you doing these things?” they asked. “And who gave you this authority?”
( Matthew 21:23 )

We encounter the story of Saul’s conversion. Saul, known for his zealous persecution of Christians, seeks permission from the high priest to arrest followers of the Way in Damascus. This request underscores Saul’s position of authority within the religious establishment and his determination to stamp out the early Christian movement. However, his encounter with the risen Christ on the road to Damascus transforms him, leading to a radical change in perspective and allegiance.

And he has come here with authority from the chief priests to arrest all who call on your name.” ( Acts 9:14 )

These passages highlight the complexities of power and permission. While earthly authorities may assert their power, true authority comes from God. Jesus demonstrates this through his teachings and actions, challenging human structures of authority and inviting individuals to align themselves with the higher authority of God’s kingdom. Moreover, these narratives remind us of the transformative power of encounter and conversion. Saul’s encounter with Christ leads to a complete shift in perspective, demonstrating the profound impact of divine intervention on human affairs. As we navigate the complexities of power dynamics in our lives, may we humbly submit to God’s authority and seek permission from Him in all our endeavors.

The Supreme Authority of Jesus

Biblical Evidence and Insights

In the vast tapestry of human history, few figures have ever wielded the kind of authority that Jesus of Nazareth possessed. Embedded within the pages of the Bible are numerous accounts that attest to his unrivalled power and dominion.

It recounts a remarkable event in which Jesus heals a paralyzed man. But what sets this passage apart is not merely the miraculous healing, but Jesus’ proclamation to the man: “But that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins…” With these words, Jesus asserts his divine authority not only to heal physical ailments but also to forgive sins—a claim that transcends human understanding and underscores his unique status as the Son of God.

But I want you to know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins.” So he said to the paralyzed man, “Get up, take your mat and go home.” ( Matthew 9:6 )

We witness Jesus’ final commission to his disciples before ascending to heaven. He declares, “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me.” This pronouncement serves as a resounding affirmation of Jesus’ supreme authority over all realms—both heavenly and earthly. It empowers his followers to go forth with confidence, knowing that they serve under the authority of the one who reigns over the entire cosmos.

Then Jesus came to them and said, “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. ( Matthew 28:18 )

It provides further insight into the authority vested in Jesus. Here, Jesus declares, “And he has given him authority to execute judgment because he is the Son of Man.” This statement highlights Jesus’ role as the appointed judge, entrusted with the authority to execute divine judgment. It underscores his sovereignty over matters of eternal significance and reinforces his divinely ordained position as the Son of Man.

And he has given him authority to judge because he is the Son of Man. ( John 5:27 )

These passages collectively bear witness to the unparalleled authority of Jesus Christ. His authority extends beyond the temporal realm, encompassing the spiritual and eternal dimensions of existence. As believers, we are called to submit to his lordship, trusting in his wisdom, power, and sovereignty over every aspect of our lives. In doing so, we find hope, strength, and ultimate fulfilment in the one who holds all authority in heaven and on earth.

Divine Sovereignty

Understanding God’s Authority:

Submission to Governing Authorities

13 Let everyone be subject to the governing authorities, for there is no authority except that which God has established. The authorities that exist have been established by God ( Romans 13:1 )

The apostle Paul’s writings serve as a profound reminder of God’s ultimate sovereignty over all powers and authorities in the world. It underscores the divine order established by God, wherein earthly authorities derive their legitimacy and power from Him. The concept of God’s authority over all powers is foundational to the Christian faith. It reflects the biblical understanding of God as the supreme ruler and creator of the universe. As such, He holds ultimate authority over every aspect of creation, including human governments and institutions. Paul’s exhortation to be subject to governing authorities carries significant implications for believers. It encourages respect for earthly authorities and obedience to their laws and decrees, recognizing that they are ultimately accountable to God. However, this does not mean blind submission to unjust or oppressive authorities.

Throughout history, Christians have grappled with the tension between obedience to earthly rulers and allegiance to God’s higher moral law. In instances where earthly authorities contravene God’s commands, believers are called to prioritize obedience to God above all else. reminds us of the overarching sovereignty of God and His divine authority over all powers and authorities. It calls believers to navigate the complexities of earthly governance with wisdom, discernment, and unwavering allegiance to God’s higher principles. As we reflect on this verse, may we humbly submit to God’s authority in our lives, trusting in His wisdom and sovereignty over all things. May we strive to honour Him in our interactions with earthly authorities, seeking to live lives that reflect His love, justice, and righteousness in the world.

The Most Powerful

In the context of the book of Acts, chapter 16, we encounter a striking demonstration of power that challenges conventional notions of strength and authority. The passage recounts the arrest of Paul and Silas in Philippi, where they faced opposition from those who sought to silence their message of salvation.

“They brought them before the magistrates and said, ‘These men are Jews, and are throwing our city into an uproar'” ( Acts 16:20 )

It reveals the immense power wielded by the forces aligned against Paul and Silas. They were stripped, beaten, and thrown into prison, their freedom restricted by chains and their bodies bruised by the cruelty of their persecutors. From a human perspective, the powers of darkness had seemed to triumph, overwhelming the apostles with their might and brutality. Yet, within this seemingly hopeless situation, a different kind of power emerged— one that transcended earthly limitations and defied conventional understanding. Despite their physical confinement and suffering, Paul and Silas found strength in their unwavering faith and devotion to God. In the darkest hour of the night, they lifted their voices in prayer and praise, singing hymns to God amidst the confines of their prison cell. What happened next is nothing short of miraculous.

As Paul and Silas prayed and sang, an earthquake shook the foundations of the prison, opening the doors and loosening the prisoners’ chains. The jailer, witnessing this extraordinary display of divine power, was overcome with fear and awe, prompting him to inquire about the way of salvation. Here, it confronts our preconceived ideas about power and authority. It reminds us that true power is not found in physical might or worldly status but in the transformative and life-giving presence of God. Even in the face of adversity and persecution, the power of faith and devotion to God can triumph over the forces of darkness. May we also recognize that the most powerful force in the universe is not found in the might of armies or the wealth of nations, but in the boundless love and grace of our Creator.

Understanding Spiritual Powers

Throughout the scriptures, we encounter profound teachings about the realm of spiritual powers—both good and evil—and their impact on human existence.

“His intent was that now, through the church, the manifold wisdom of God should be made known to the rulers and authorities in the heavenly realms,” ( Ephesians 3:10 )

We learn that God’s wisdom is made known to rulers and authorities in the heavenly realms through the church. This verse highlights the role of the church in demonstrating God’s wisdom and authority to spiritual powers.

“For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the powers of this dark world and against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly realms.” ( Ephesians 6:12 )

It further elaborates on the spiritual warfare believers face, emphasizing that our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, authorities, and powers of this dark world. This passage underscores the reality of spiritual opposition and the need for believers to stand firm in the armour of God.

“For in him all things were created: things in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or powers or rulers or authorities; all things have been created through him and for him.” ( Colossians 1:16 )

We gain insight into the creative power of God, who has created all things, including thrones, dominions, rulers, and authorities—both visible and invisible. This verse affirms God’s sovereignty over all spiritual powers and reinforces the supremacy of Christ as the one through whom all things were created and hold together.

“And having disarmed the powers and authorities, he made a public spectacle of them, triumphing over them by the cross.” ( Colossians 2:15 )

Similarly, it declares the triumph of Christ over the spiritual powers of darkness through his death and resurrection. This verse highlights the victory of Christ over the forces of evil, disarming them and making a public spectacle of them, triumphing over them by the cross.

“who has gone into heaven and is at God’s right hand—with angels, authorities and powers in submission to him.” ( 1 Peter 3:22 )

We are reminded of the exalted position of Christ, who has gone into heaven and is at the right hand of God, with angels, authorities, and powers in submission to him. This verse underscores the authority and power of Christ over all spiritual beings, positioning him as the ultimate ruler and sovereign of the universe.

“For he has rescued us from the dominion of darkness and brought us into the kingdom of the Son he loves,”
( Colossians 1:13 )

Moreover, it speaks of our redemption through Christ, who has delivered us from the power of darkness and transferred us into the kingdom of his beloved Son. This verse highlights the transformative power of Christ’s redemption, liberating believers from the dominion of darkness and establishing them in the kingdom of light. As we navigate the complexities of spiritual battles, may we stand firm in the truth of God’s word, clothed in the armour of righteousness, and empowered by the Holy Spirit to overcome every obstacle in the power and authority of Christ.

The Divine Authority of Judges

Titus, a companion of the apostle Paul, is tasked with shepherding a Christian community in Crete. Paul exhorts Titus to remind believers to “be subject to rulers and authorities, to be obedient, to be ready to do whatever is good.

“This succinct verse encapsulates a foundational principle: the recognition and submission to earthly authorities, including judges, as part of a Christian’s duty. “Remind the people to be subject to rulers and authorities, to be obedient, to be ready to do whatever is good,” ( Titus 3:1 )

Biblical Precedents of Judicial Authority:

To comprehend the depth of judicial authority, one must delve into the rich tapestry of biblical narratives. The Old Testament provides a treasure trove of examples, prominently in the Book of Judges. Here, judges like Deborah, Gideon, and Samson emerge as pivotal figures, empowered by divine mandate to govern and adjudicate. Their authority was not self-proclaimed but bestowed by God in response to the needs of the Israelites.

The Principle of Divine Ordination:

Central to the biblical understanding of judicial authority is the principle of divine ordination. Romans 13 underscores this notion, affirming that “there is no authority except that which God has established.

” Judges, therefore, derive their power not merely from legal frameworks or societal consensus but from a higher, transcendent source. ( Romans 13: 1-7 )

Challenges and Responsibilities:

Yet, with great power comes great responsibility. Judges, both in biblical times and in contemporary society, grapple with ethical dilemmas and moral quandaries. The impartial dispensation of justice, grounded in righteousness and fairness, remains paramount. Proverbs 21 reminds us that “when justice is done, it brings joy to the righteous but terror to evildoers,

“emphasizing the transformative impact of just rulings. “When justice is done, it brings joy to the righteous but terror to evildoers.” ( Proverbs 21:15 )

Modern Implications and Applications:

While the biblical narratives offer timeless wisdom, their application to modern judicial systems necessitates nuanced interpretation. The complexities of legal frameworks, cultural contexts, and societal norms demand thoughtful reflection. Nevertheless, the underlying principles of justice, righteousness, and submission to divine authority serve as guiding beacons in the judicial sphere.

“He has shown you, O mortal, what is good.
And what does the Lord require of you?
To act justly and to love mercy
and to walk humbly with your God.” ( Micah 6:8 )

It encapsulates the essence of biblical justice, emphasizing not only the importance of fair and equitable treatment but also the compassionate application of mercy. In modern judicial contexts, it reminds us that justice should be tempered with mercy and humility, acknowledging our accountability to a higher moral authority. The imperative to actively pursue justice and defend the marginalized and
vulnerable in society. In modern judicial systems, it call upon judges and legal practitioners to uphold the rights of the oppressed, ensuring equitable access to justice for all members of society, regardless of their social or economic status.

“Learn to do right; seek justice.
Defend the oppressed.
Take up the cause of the fatherless;
plead the case of the widow.” ( Isaiah 1:17 )

The call to advocate for social justice and equity, particularly on behalf of those who lack the means or voice to defend themselves. In the modern judicial sphere, it reminds us of the importance of impartiality and fairness in adjudicating cases, especially those involving marginalized or disadvantaged individuals.

“Speak up for those who cannot speak for themselves,
for the rights of all who are destitute.
Speak up and judge fairly;
defend the rights of the poor and needy.”
( Proverbs 31: 8-9 )

Embracing Divine Authority

Understanding God’s Authority:

As believers, we are entrusted with a profound understanding of power and authority as illuminated by the Word of God. We are reminded of our duty to respect and submit to earthly authorities, recognizing that their authority ultimately stems from the divine. ( Titus 3:1 ) However, our acknowledgement of earthly authority is not a passive surrender but a call to active engagement. Just as the judges in biblical times were appointed by God to serve His purposes, we are called to be discerning and vigilant stewards of power. This means advocating for justice, mercy, and righteousness in all realms of governance. In a world fraught with injustice and corruption, we are challenged to be voices of truth and agents of change.

The principles of justice and righteousness, deeply embedded in the fabric of scripture, compel us to stand up for the marginalized, defend the oppressed, and seek equity for all. Moreover, our understanding of power and authority is not confined to earthly realms but extends to the spiritual. As children of God, we are heirs to a kingdom where His authority reigns supreme. Our allegiance, therefore, is not only to earthly rulers but ultimately to the sovereign God who rules over all creation.

“The Spirit himself testifies with our spirit that we are God’s children. Now if we are children, then we are heirs—heirs of God and co-heirs with Christ, if indeed we share in his sufferings in order that we may also share in his glory.” ( Romans 8: 16-17 )

Let us embrace our role as stewards of power with humility, integrity, and unwavering faith. Let us draw strength from the timeless truths of scripture and the guidance of the Holy Spirit as we navigate the complexities of authority in a fallen world. And let us, above all, seek to reflect the love, justice, and righteousness of our Heavenly Father in all that we do